Wartian



Feb. 2l, 1956 G. WAR-HAN DOOR CLOSER AND CHECK Filed Jan. 14. 1953 muhmvIN V EN TUR. ya /4/4/124/7.

A WWK NNW O%\ WNO United States Patent M' 755,132 noon CLOSER AND CHECKGeorge Wartian, Detroit, Mich., assgnor to Wartian Lock Company, St.Clair Shores, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application January 14,1953, Serial No. 331,156 13 Claims. (Cl. 16-52) This invention relatesto new and useful improvements in a door closer and check, and hasparticular reference to such a device in which final closing movement ofa door is accurately controlled and in which a positive checking ofclosing movement of the door is obtained just before the door is closedto prevent slamming of the door.

A principal object of the invention is to provide a new and improveddoor closer and check.

Another object of the invention is to provide a door closer and check inwhich closing movement of a door is checked just before the door isfinally closed.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the typedescribed in which nal closing movement of the door may be accuratelycontrolled.

Other and further objects of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description and claims and may be understood by reference tothe accompanying drawing, of which there is one sheet, which by way ofillustration shows a preferred embodiment of the invention and what Inow consider to be the best mode in which I have contemplated applyingthe principles of my invention. Other embodiments of the invention maybe used without departing from the scope of the present invention as setforth in the appended claims.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view through my improved form of door closer andcheck, showing the door in closed position;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the doorpartially open and moving toward closed position;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the structure within thecircle numbered 3 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken along lines 4 4 of Fig. 2.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, the door closer comprises acylinder threaded at one end intol an end cap 12 and at its other endthreaded into an end cap 14. A bracket 16 is pivotally connected to endcap 12 by means of a pin 18, and such bracket may be secured to a door20 by means of screws 22. A piston 24 is reciprocable within cylinder 10and has secured thereto a piston rod 26 by means of a pin 28, the pistonrod extending through an opening in end cap 14 and having its outer endpivotally connected to a bracket 30 which may be secured by screws 32 tothe frame 34 within which the door 20 is hingedly mounted. A sealinggasket 36 is arranged within a groove in end cap 14 to provide a sealbetween piston rod 26 and end cap 14, and gaskets 38 and 40 provideseals between cylinder 10 and end caps 14 and 12, respectively.

. The cylinder v10 is lled with a suitable fluid, such as oil,throughwhich the piston 24 moves as the door 20 is opened and closed. It willbe seen that opening'of door 20 will eiect movement of piston 24 towardthe left end of cylinder 10 against the force of a spring 42 whichsurrounds piston rod 26 and tubular extension 44 of l 2735,132 PatentedFeb. 21, 1956 piston 24 and reacts against end cap 14 and the enlargedhead of piston 24 to bias the piston toward the right-hand end of thecylinder and effect closing movement of the door.

The piston is provided with a plurality of passages 46 opening intolarger passages 48, the passages 46 and 48 defining valve seats 50therebetween. Ball valves 52 are adapted to seat on valve seats 50 underthe inuence of springs 54 backed up by suitable washers 56 or the likearranged at the right-hand ends of passages 48 and provided withopenings 58. Passages 46, 48, and 58 provide iluidv llow passagesthrough piston 24 when ball valves 52 are unseated against the force ofsprings 54.

The piston 24 is provided with a central passage 60 communicating withthe interior of tubular extension 44, and a hollow tubular valve member62 is reciprocably arranged in bore 60 and retained therein by snap ring64 arranged in an annular groove in the left-hand end of valve member 62and adapted to bear against a shoulder formed between bore 60 andpassage 66 formed within the extension 44 of piston 24.

The outer end of valve member 62 is tapered at 68 as shown and thecentral passage through valve member 62 terminates at its right-hand endin a restricted passage 72 communicating with a cross-slot 74 formed inthe end of the valve member 62. A spring 76 is arranged within thepassage 66 in extension 44 and reacts against the inner end of pistonrod 26 and against valve vmember 62 to urge the valve member 62 towardthe right relative to piston 24.

With the door in the closed position shown in Fig. 1, opening of thedoor will effect the relative movement between piston 24 and cylinder 10against the force of spring 42. The fluid-in the left-hand end of thecylinder will react against ball valves 52 and unseat the same againstthe force of springs 54 so as to open the passages through the piston 24through which fluid may ilow from the left end of the cylinder to theright end thereof. The size and number of the passages through thepiston may be selected in such manner that the door may be opened withrelatively little effort. A small amount of fluid in the left end ofcylinder 10 may at this time b e displaced through radial openings 78 inextension 44, passage 66, and passages 70 and 72 in valve member 62. Aresilient buffer member 80, piece of resilient material, surroundspiston rod 26 's shown and is adapted to engage the end cap 14 when thethe right-hand end o f cylinder 10 cannot flow through the passages 46,48 and 58 extending through the and ball valves 52 will be seated onvalve seats springs 54 and by the pressure of the iluid in the righthandend of the cylinder. The only means for displacing oil from theright-hand side of the piston to the left?, hand side thereof will bethrough the hollow valve member 62, passage 66 and openings 78 inextension 44 of piston 24. The passage 72 in the right-hand end ofthevalve member 62 provides a restricted opening through which such fluidis displaced, and the size of passage 72 is such as to permit the doorto be closed at vthe desired rate under the influence of spring 42.

The inner end of end cap 12 is provided with a central boss 82 having atapered recess 84 therein having substantially the same degree valvemember 62. A set screw 86 is threaded into end cap. 12 and has its innerend terminating in the bottom of tapered recess 84. A nut 88 is threadedon to screw piston,

which may comprise a cylindrical l50 by4 of taper as the end 68 of 86for. holding the same in any position to which it may be aifilaetesi-Ae. the 99! nears the .east af .its .elszeia movement, the tapered end 6of valve member 62'entcrs recess 84 and engages the iimer end of screw86, and this. engagement .et yah/e member 1&2 and .screw are: 5 vides a.nereeatible .er ie-tiene ,Cheek in. the elsing .motief ment .ef thedoor. with the .anered end ,Git .Seated against screw 86 a slightclearance is provided between the end 68 and recess S11., as .ie mereeteaxly ehewn ,in Fia 3- This .clearance between 'ead 6.. .and ,recess$4 @milities .a restricted passage fr. the tlew'et .fluieirem the.righihand end :et cylinder 10. .through .emes elet 74 and here 79, ofsalve. member 62 te .the left-.head .ene .ef the eylinder and .regulatesthe speed .ef .the 'l .t few degrees .0f closing meyemerit ef 'the.deer- At the .me the tebeted end .6.8. enters reeessl .85 en@ .engages.screw e deflnite er perceptible .eheelsing meyexilerif .ef the .neer isobtained due te .the .restricted .eleerenee .between the .valye inember62 .and recess 51, ,and also befeauee .the eating le igea the valvemember .6.2. te ard the right relafiye te. Pisten Z4. te .fend te,maintain the valve member .6l in. etieli veettien relative .te .thePiste and against leeren 8.6- tter the .Checking aetifn h taken place,the Spring 42 -yviil .eeminae te mere" pieten 25 toward .the iight.enel of the cylinder and will mese the pister; ,reletiye .t0 the valvemember .e2 against ,the .feree .ef .serine 79- Adieeteient ef seien will.vary .the Clearance between the tapered lead QS and ,feeese $4 and willslee .vary the Deia? et leisten .treyel at whieh y.the valve member s?will .eagage eerew ,Se ee that the final .Closing 'mei/.em 1.1. et thedeer may be regulate@ as desiree, and ,web e. Slag Itter-e- 11.1 he auchthat the .daer will eet Islam. huif- T .eekme @eeen referred te abeve...dille slower the last few degreesof speedofclos'ing oft'he door inits Closing @weiem will be .eli-tained regardless .ef the @stent-tesvhieh the deer may be .eeered irefffifs desee veeitiea .beeauee tvb..lar member s2 be `teveeleult 0f -f sees te et les@ .te .Seine iamfefelifevenahe deer .isepeei .erily .e .few .de ees5 and ebeequelite:lease .ef the deer Will'ceffeet the .entry ef .theitepered .eee @8f.inte the recess' .54 .te Slew dev/.fi the tieni lesive .ef the door.".,In'otber Words, Ithe oor cannot {beclosed A' teda? insxtscrew 8x6ii'ielf the flefeilene te? ne S- 1 estate the .Cheating an@ l des above.

in 'are `ppi-.st te piston .re'lative'tosaid 'cyliderin said oppositedirection, a ,hollow 'vallv member bly 'carried bysaidmpiston arid4''comrrifriic),ating" with said'cylinder ,on POSe sides or l K v 'mafidfhfyroviaig"a nuidln'wipassge throliiglisaid piston, stopfinsaidfcylind'er,said valvenierfriberbeidg adapted vto erigagfdfsaidstop l111 ans 65 dnringtliefl'ast .portion fof h movement "of saidVpiston relativetosaid cy der irisid .Opposite` dirfec-:tion'ftothere?hyetcect telativemovemeht bet.iilteen'fs:aid'pl n and s valve member,sprinlgzmelans @or resisting salidfrela movement betwe'e'nusaid and2valve member, `the 7() @ad Wall rQi? Saidyliader beiliafermedzte.meaeratewith Seid -xelte .member .te restrie .the Een 0f huid throughsaid y.passage insaid yalvemembcr when said v alve .membelis seated;against saidstop means.

`2. .A doorcltvrserancl check comprising a cylinder, ,a

piston reeipi'ocable in said cylinder, valve means in said pistonadapted to permit the fiow of fluid through said piston upon`mdveinn't'fof"saidnpistbd"elativ't "said cylinder in one direction andadapted to prevent tiuid flow through said piston upon movement of saidpiston in the opposite direction, spring means for moving said pistonrelative to said cylinder Y.in said opposite direction, a valve membermovably carried by said piston and having a uid iiqw passagecommunicating with said cylinder on opposite sides of saidpist'on',sfopv means at one end of ,saidcylinderone endof u said valve memberbeing` adaptedI t'o' be seted'against said stop means "ding'fthe lastportion of the movement of said piston relative to said ey-,lnder .in.Seid .eppeeite elireeten to effeet relative a h owltubular rnemb erreeiaee.

engagement with saisi etai? ew through .saisi .Passage and.siprineffiieene reacting .QP said piston and said tublarmember fof resntly opposiaathexeletise .mwefneafhetweee Sai@ Pieten and .tebillef 4. Adoor closer and check comprising a cylinder, a pisteureeipreeebieinsetti ...ylteeierfvelre means asi 'te'd .said .eisten 'ieaaffeefe am#@iid fieivthlehseiil piston upon relative movement of said piston andcylinder insane .eliteetien .enel @dented .te .PI.eventflild 119W 'thiHgh said piston upon relative movementofsvd'kpiston and cylinderintheopposite dir ion, sp nlg'rnea'ris torzbiasiiigv id said piston andcylinderioimrelative rn vement e rhellew tabular .member .estilthieusti.member'faseeietedlwiihe eyii der, dta le 111er being dee-.ted te Haagsop'rne'mber d mg s d rel emovement, f'siaid d cylindergm saidlopposlteto said tabula ineeid Cilinder@ .aefable the latter ie .ineeaesetn.t...\rith S restricting time tten' fthsenhead Rae .semeansiferreeiliently eeaeeiaealierelet e tneeesdrpietenend.tuln1lar.aieraizer- 5. A door closer and chekfornprisin'g :acyldei', .a

nieteateeintseaeleiaseid erliaefyelve ...Ineens 'Se te@ withsaidpiei,.eaptedte nenni ilid 119W hrsad pistqnnpqn telatineruoyement .f Saidpi$10i1dlllilf saidpiston pon relative Vmovement Yofsaid piston and inone'. direction and adapted .to prevent .iuidjfiQW thrlgh cylinder inthe opposite direction, spring means for biasing said piston andcylinder for relative movement in said opposite direction, a hollowtubular member carried by said piston and communicating with saidcylinder on opposite sides of said piston, said tubular member beingmovable with said piston toward and away from an end wall of saidcylinder and being engageable with said end wall of said cylinder onlyduring the last portion of said relative movement of said piston andcylinder in said opposite direction, said piston being movable relativeto said tubular member during said portion of said movement, and springmeans reacting on said piston and said tubular member for opposing saidrelative movement between said piston and tubular member.

6. A door closer and check comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocablein said cylinder, valve means associated with said piston adapted topermit lluid ow through said piston upon relative movement of saidpiston and cylinder in one direction and adapted to prevent lluid flowthrough said piston upon relative movement of said piston and cylinderin the opposite direction, spring means for biasing said piston andcylinder for relative movement in said opposite direction, a hollowtubular member movably carried by said piston and communicating withsaid cylinder on opposite sides of said piston, means for effectingrelative movement between said tubular member and said piston during thelast portion of said relative movement of said piston and cylinder insaid opposite direction, said tubular member being movable with saidpiston except during said last portion of movement between said pistonand cylinder and spring means resiliently opposing the relative movementbetween said piston and tubular member.

7. A door closer and check according to claim 6 including meansaccessible exteriorly of said cylinder for adjusting the relativeposition of said piston and cylinder at which the relative movementbetween said piston and tubular member is effected.

8. A door closer and check comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocablein said cylinder, valve means in said piston adapted to permit the flowof iluid through said piston upon movement of said piston relative tosaid cylinder in one direction and adapted to prevent uid ilovv throughsaid piston upon movement of said piston in the opposite direction, ahollow Valve member reciprocably carried by said piston andcommunicating with said cylinder on opposite sides of the piston andthereby providing a fluid flow passage through said piston, meansproviding a valve seat at one end of said cylinder, stop meansassociated with said valve seat and with which said valve member isengageable toward the end of the movement of said piston relative tosaid cylinder in said opposite direc* tion, said valve seat being formedto restrict the flow of uid through said passage in said valve memberwhen said valve member is in engagement with said stop means.

9. In a door closer and check, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable in saidcylinder, means biasing said piston toward one end of said cylinder, avalve member reciprocably carried by said piston, said valve memberhaving a passage therein communicating with said cylinder on oppositesides of the piston and thereby providing a uid ow passage through saidpiston upon movement of said piston toward said one end of saidcylinder, said valve member having a tapered end, one end of saidpassage terminating in said tapered end, means providing a taperedrecess at said one end of said cylinder, and an adjustable stop memberaccessible exteriorly of said cylinder projecting into the bottom ofsaid recess and with which said end of said valve member is engageableduring the last portion of piston movement in said one direction, saidrecess being formed to cooperate with said end of said valve member torestrict the flow of uid through said passage in said valve member whenthe latter is in engagement with said stop member, and a spring betweensaid valve member and said piston.

10. In a door closer and check, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable insaid cylinder, a valve member carried by said piston, said valve memberhaving a passage therein communicating with said cylinder on oppositesides of said piston, means at one end of said cylinder with which oneend of said valve member is engageable during the last portion of pistonmovement in one direction, said means including a surface formed tocooperate With said one end of said valve member to form a restrictionbetween said one end of said cylinder and said passage in said valvemember when said valve member is in engagement With said means.

11. A door closer and check according to claim 10 wherein said meanscomprises a threaded member accessible exteriorly of said cylinder andsaid surface surrounds the inner end of said threaded member.

12. In a door closer and check, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable insaid cylinder, means biasing said piston toward one end of saidcylinder, a valve member movably carried by said piston, said valvemember having a passage therein communicating with said cylinder onopposite sides of the piston and thereby providing a fluid ow passagethrough said piston upon movement of said piston toward said one end ofsaid cylinder, means providing a valve seat at said one end of saidcylinder, said valve member being adapted to cooperate with said valveseat to restrict the ow of fluid through said passage in said valvemember during the last portion of piston movement in said one direction.

13. A door closer and check comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocablein said cylinder, spring means for biasing said piston and cylinder forrelative movement in one direction, a hollow tubular member reciprocablycarried by said piston and communicating with said cylinder on oppositesides of the piston and thereby providing a iluid passage through saidpiston, and fixed means in said cylinder cooperable with said tubularmember during the last portion of said relative movement of said pistonand cylinder in said one direction, said lixed means and tubular memberforming a valve means adapted to restrict iiuid ow through said passage.

References Cited in the iile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

